A big concern with blood safety revolves around infectious disease transmission. Today, with our advances in testing the risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS from a blood transfusion is 1 in 2 million transfusions. Hepatitis C(HCV) is also a concern with a risk of 1 in 2 million transfusions. The biggest transfusion transmitted risk is bacterial transmission from Staphylococcus sp. with a risk of 1 in 500,000 in RBCs and 1 in 50,000 for platelets. Prevention of Transfusion Transmitted Disease is accomplished using a detailed Donor History Questionnaire (DHQ) and Infectious Disease Testing.
Infectious Disease Tesing is required on all transfused Blood products and they are the following:
Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg)
antibody to Hepatitis B core (anti-HBc)
antibody to Hepatitis C (anti-HCV)
Hepatitis C RNA (HCV RNA) - Nucleic acid testing (NAT)
antibody to HIV-1/2 (anti-HIV-1/2)
HIV-1 RNA (NAT)
antibodies to HTLV-I/II (anti-HTLV-I/II)
West Nile virus RNA (WNV RNA) (NAT)
serologic test for syphilis
Platelets are also tested for bacterial contamination
NAT is able to amplify and detect genetic sequences of a virus, so that those infected with these viruses are detected earlier (some within 10 days after exposure) to prevent transmission.
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